Articular cartilage : essential for pain-free movement

Articular cartilage is an elastic, resilient tissue covering the tips of the bones at the joints. With a smooth, elastic surface, it plays a crucial role in ensuring pain-free joint movement between two bones. This specialised tissue can minimise frictional forces while distributing loads effectively during movements and activities.

Types of cartilage damage ans causes :

• Traumatic injury: usually resulting from an accident or external force, leading to focal damage to the cartilage.
• Degenerative lesion: mainly due to wear over time, and closely linked to osteoarthritis phenomena. For more information, see the section on osteoarthritis.
• Osteochondritis dissecans: This condition affects both the cartilage and underlying bone. While it is relatively rare, it is more common in children and young adults. It can occur spontaneously or following a minor trauma.

Therapeutic approaches depending on the nature of the lesion :

• Treatments for focal lesions : Often caused by accidents, these injuries vary in severity and location. Their treatment depends on the size, depth and location of the injury. Not all are painful, and some may not require surgery.
• Treatments for osteochondritis dissecans : in children, before bone growth has stopped, the prognosis is generally favourable, and surgery may not be required if the fragment has not completely broken away. However, in adults experiencing persistent pain, surgical intervention may be considered. This may involve fixing the fragment, replacing it with a graft, or using a synthetic membrane.

Articular cartilage is a fundamental part of our musculoskeletal system. Its degradation or injury can lead to pain and limited movement. A thorough understanding of the various types of cartilage damage and their potential treatments is essential to ensure appropriate treatment and restore optimal joint function.

To learn more about the treatment of cartilage injuries: Link to : Cartilage Repair Surgery